Limitations of Sampling

Sometimes, information about each and every unit of the population is required. This is possible only through complete enumeration, because a sample will not serve the purpose. Some examples in which sampling is not allowed are:

• When conducting an election, we need a complete list of the votes. The candidates participating in the election will not accept results prepared from a sample. With increased literacy, people may become statistically-minded and they may be willing to accept results prepared from a sample. In more advanced countries, opinion polls are frequently conducted, and people unofficially accept the results of a sample survey.
• Tax is collected from all taxpayers. A complete list of all the taxpayers is required.
• Telephone, gas and electricity bills are sent to all consumers.
• A complete list of land and property owners is always prepared to maintain the records.
• The status of stocks in factories requires complete entries of all the items in stock.