# Integration of lnx Squared

In this tutorial we shall find the integral of ${\left( {\ln x} \right)^2}$ function, and it is another important integration. To evaluate this integral first we use the method of substitution and then we use integration by parts.

The integral of $\ln x$ squared is of the form
$I = \int {{{\left( {\ln x} \right)}^2}dx} \,\,\,\,{\text{ – – – }}\left( {\text{i}} \right)$

But $z = \ln x$ implies that ${e^z} = x$, by differentiation ${e^z}dz = dx$, so the given integral (i) takes the form
$I = \int {{{\left( {\ln x} \right)}^2}dx} = \int {{z^2}{e^z}dz}$

Considering ${z^2}$ and ${e^z}$ are the first and second functions and using integration by parts, we have
$I = \int {{z^2}{e^z}dz} \,\,\,\,{\text{ – – – }}\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)$

Using the formula for integration by parts, we have
$\int {\left[ {f\left( x \right)g\left( x \right)} \right]dx = f\left( x \right)\int {g\left( x \right)dx – \int {\left[ {\frac{d}{{dx}}f\left( x \right)\int {g\left( x \right)dx} } \right]dx} } }$

Using the formula above, equation (ii) becomes
$\begin{gathered} I = {z^2}\int {{e^z}dz – \int {\left[ {\frac{d}{{dz}}{z^2}\left( {\int {{e^z}dz} } \right)} \right]} dz} \\ \Rightarrow I = {z^2}{e^z} – \int {\left[ {2z{e^z}} \right]} dz \\ \Rightarrow I = {z^2}{e^z} – 2\int {z{e^z}} dz \\ \end{gathered}$

Now again using integration by parts, we have
$\begin{gathered} I = {z^2}{e^z} – 2\left[ {z\int {{e^z}dz – \int {\left( {\frac{d}{{dz}}z\left( {\int {{e^z}dz} } \right)} \right)dz} } } \right] \\ \Rightarrow I = {z^2}{e^z} – 2z{e^z} + 2\int {{e^z}dz} \\ \Rightarrow I = {z^2}{e^z} – 2z{e^z} + 2{e^z} + c \\ \end{gathered}$

From the above substitution it can be written in the form
$\Rightarrow \int {{{\left( {\ln x} \right)}^2}dx} = x{\left( {\ln x} \right)^2} – 2x\ln x + 2x + c$