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» Home » Group Theory »

Examples of Group

Example 1:
            Show that the set of all integers …,-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... is an infinite Abelian group with respect to the operation of addition of integers.

Solution:
            Let us test all the group axioms for Abelian group.
(G1) Closure Axiom. We know that the sum of any two integers is also an integer, i.e., for all, . Thus is closed with respect to addition.
(G2) Associative Axiom . Since the addition of integers is associative, the associative axiom is satisfied, i.e., for
Such that
(G3) Existence of Identity. We know that  is the additive identity and, i.e.,
Hence, additive identity exists.
(G4) Existence of Inverse. If , then . Also,
 
Thus, every integer possesses additive inverse. Therefore  is a group with respect to addition.
Since addition of integers is a commutative operation, therefore
Hence  is an Abelian group. Also,  contains an infinite number of elements. Therefore  is an Abelian group of infinite order.

 


Example 2:
            Show that the set of all non-zero rational numbers with respect operation of multiplication is a group.
Solution:
            Let the given set be denoted by. Then by group axioms, we have
(G1) We know that the product of two non-zero rational numbers is also a non-zero rational number. Therefore  is closed with respect to multiplication. Hence, closure axiom is satisfied.
(G2) We know for rational numbers.
                 for all  
Hence, associative axiom is satisfied.
(G3) Since, the multiplicative identity is a rational number hence identity axiom is satisfied.
(G4) If , then obviously, . Also  
so that  is the multiplicative inverse of. Thus inverse axiom is also satisfied. Hence  is a group with respect to multiplication.

 


Example 3:
            Show that, the set of all non-zero complex numbers is a multiplicative group.
Solution:
            Let  Here is the set of all real numbers and.
(G1) Closure Axiom. If  and, then by definition of multiplication of complex numbers
             
Since , for . Therefore, is closed under multiplication.
(G2) Associative Axiom.

                                               for  .
(G3) Identity Axiom.  is the identity in .
(G4) Inverse Axiom. Let, then 
                                    
                                                      
                                                      
Where and

Hence  is a multiplicative group.



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