# Examples of Newton Interpolation

Example No 1: The following supply schedule gives the quantity supplied $\left( S \right)$ in hundreds of a product at prices $\left( P \right)$ in rupees:

 $P$ 80 90 100 110 120 $S$ 25 30 42 50 68

Interpolate, what will be the quantity supplied of the product at a price Dollor 85.

Solution: Constructing the difference table first.

 THE DIFFERENCE TABLE $P$ $S$ ${\Delta ^1}$ ${\Delta ^2}$ ${\Delta ^3}$ ${\Delta ^4}$ 80 25 5 7 -11 25 90 30 12 -4 14 100 42 8 10 110 50 18 120 68 43 13 3 25

On checking, we found that the table is correctly prepared, now, we have

Also                            $X = \frac{{{X_o} - a}}{h} = \frac{{85 - 80}}{{10}} = \frac{5}{{10}} = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5$
We may either put $X = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5$ in the formula, but the latter is subject to errors due to misleading of the decimal point in multiplication.

Now, using formula and substituting the corresponding values, we have

Now determine the sign of each term by the same rule given earlier, i.e. count the number of negative signs and place a negative sign before the term, if the number of negative signs are odd, and a positive sign before the term if the number of negative signs are even, then forget the individual signs.

Cancel the common factors, if any, in each term and simplify
$S\left( {85} \right) = 25 + \frac{5}{2} - \frac{7}{8} - \frac{{11}}{{16}} - \frac{{125}}{{128}} = 24.961 \approx 25$

Example No 2: The production of vegetable oil is recorded on a fiscal – year basis alternate years:

 Year: 1990 – 91 1992 – 93 1994 – 95 1996 – 97 1998 – 99 Production (000)TONS: 35.5 42.8 45.8 46.5 50.3

Estimate the production during 1997 – 98.

Solution: In this situation again we can multiply the values in the second column by 10, and the adjustment may be made in the final answer by dividing the result by 10.
Another problem will arise hare as to which should be regarded as $a$ and $X$. The equal class interval is obvious and that is 2. The value of $X$ may be determined by either considering the lower limits of the years or by considering the upper limits of the years. Thus, in order to calculate the value of $X$ from Newton formula of interpolation, we can either take ${X_o} = 1997$ and $a = 1990$ or we can take ${X_o} = 1998$ and $a = 1991$, both will provide the same value of $X$. Thus

 THE DIFFERENCE TABLE Years Production ${\Delta ^1}$ ${\Delta ^2}$ ${\Delta ^3}$ ${\Delta ^4}$ 1990 – 91 355 73 -43 20 34 1992 – 93 428 30 -23 54 1994 – 95 458 7 31 1996 – 97 465 38 1998 – 99 503 148 -35 74 34

Using the formula for Newton Interpolation, we have

For readjustment divide this result by 10, therefore,
Production (1997 – 98) = 47.542